Graphics, Figures & Tables ⇒ Too much spacing between figures and text

[Diogo Remoaldo]

Hi again.

In my latex document sometimes the spacing between the figure and the text is too big as can be seen in the picture. Thanks in advance for your time once again

My latex code is as follows:

Code: Select all

\documentclass[openleft,a4paper,12pt,twoside]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{epstopdf} 
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage[all]{hypcap}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage[paper=a4paper,top=2cm,bottom=2cm,right=2.5cm,left=2.5cm,twoside ,bindingoffset=1cm,marginparwidth=0in,marginparsep=0in]{geometry}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{multirow}
\captionsetup[table]{position=above}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m}
\sisetup{per-mode=symbol}
\usepackage{hhline}
\captionsetup[table]{position=above}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
\DeclareSIUnit{\year}{ano}
\titleformat{\paragraph}
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}{\theparagraph}{1em}{}
\titlespacing*{\paragraph}
{0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{afterpage}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{longtable}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{-2pt}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}

\setlist{itemsep=2pt}

\setlength{\textfloatsep}{10pt plus 1.0pt minus 2.0pt}

\setlength{\floatsep}{5pt plus 1.0pt minus 2.0pt}
\setlength{\intextsep}{5pt plus 1.0pt minus 2.0pt}



\fancyhead{}
\fancyhead[LO,LE]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}
\fancyfoot{}

\fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\thepage}





\begin{document}



Com os valores de $ \theta $; $\upsilon_l$ torna-se possível a avaliação do conforto térmico no ponto critico.
\vspace{2.0mm}
\begin{figure}[H]
\center
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{ankle}
\caption[Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona do tornozelo]{Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona do tornozelo. Retirado de \cite{american20092009}}
\label{IDDA1}
\end{figure}
\vspace{2.0mm}
\vspace{2.0mm}
\begin{figure}[H]
\center
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{neck}
\caption[Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona da nuca]{Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona da nuca. Retirado de \cite{american20092009}}
\label{IDDA2}
\end{figure}
\vspace{2.0mm}
	Como é possível verificar através das figuras \ref{IDDA1} e \ref{IDDA2} que o $IDDA < 90 \%$ para a situação mais crítica do estudo do nosso edifício, se for utilizado um difusor \textit{size} 2, cuja velocidade do jacto pode ser determinada através da figura \ref{ID}.

\end{document}

[Stefan Kottwitz]

I don't have so much spacing with your code. Perhaps complete your example so it actually shows the problem. Or does it show to you, when you test the code from above?

It can happen with \flushbottom, \pagebreak, but I don't see that in your code.

\begin{figure}[H] is a problem anyway. This way, you don't allow figures to float. And that's one of the main points for figures: they float to a good position (usually the top of the next page) to have an optimal filling of the page. To avoid such whitespace. I recommend to use \begin{figure}[!htbp] instead, and to remove \vspace hacks within the document body. Often such things don't fit any more after later changes.

Stefan

[Johannes_B]

You have been a Word user, right?

LaTeX works differently, gimme the content, i'll typeset.

Word users on the other hand insist on deciding to know better and set the layout by hand.

I suggest to remove all the [H] from the figure environments and let them float to a proper place. Remove all the manually added spaces, all they do is harm. By the way, the command is called \centering, not {center}.

When the document get in ints very final stage, and all the content is fixed, you can tweak the output by adding a bit of manual space at some places. But really, at the very very end.

[Diogo Remoaldo]

Yes I have, do you only need the picture johannes?
If you need more whatelse do you need?

If you could correct it for me I would be very thankfull. The full paragraph goes as follows:

Code: Select all

Para um caudal de cerca de 222 $[m^3/h]$ e para uma distancia de 1,3 [m]:

\begin{equation*}
\upsilon_l = 0,31 [m/s]
\end{equation*}

Para avaliação do IDDA:

\begin{equation*}
\theta = \Delta t_l - 8 \cdot (\upsilon_l - 0,15) = 0,73
\end{equation*}

	Com os valores de $ \theta $; $\upsilon_l$ torna-se possível a avaliação do conforto térmico no ponto critico.
\vspace{2.0mm}
\begin{figure}[H]
\center
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{ankle}
\caption[Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona do tornozelo]{Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona do tornozelo. Retirado de \cite{american20092009}}
\label{IDDA1}
\end{figure}
\vspace{2.0mm}
\vspace{2.0mm}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{neck}
\caption[Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona da nuca]{Verificação de conforto pelo método IDDA - zona da nuca. Retirado de \cite{american20092009}}
\label{IDDA2}
\end{figure}
\vspace{2.0mm}
	Como é possível verificar através das figuras \ref{IDDA1} e \ref{IDDA2} que o $IDDA < 90 \%$ para a situação mais crítica do estudo do nosso edifício, se for utilizado um difusor \textit{size} 2, cuja velocidade do jacto pode ser determinada através da figura \ref{ID}.
\vspace{2.0mm}

[rais]

It can happen with \flushbottom, \pagebreak, but I don't see that in your code.

I seem to remember that \flushbottom is implicitly set with two-sided layout of the document, and the OP uses the twoside option.
So \raggedbottom or omission of the twoside option should do, IIRC.

KR
Rainer