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<*> tutorial*wk2.tex
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<*> tutorial*wk2.tex
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\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{a4wide}
\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
%\usepackage{xtab}
\author{Peter Cao}
\begin{document}
\title{MICR2011 Tute Week 1}
\maketitle
\section{Media}
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{tabularx}{1 \linewidth}{X X X X}
\toprule
Media & Characteristics & Uses/limitations \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1} \cmidrule(l r){2-2} \cmidrule(l){3-3}
Basal media (a.k.a. an undefined or complex medium) & & \\
Enriched & & \\
Enrichment & Always a liquid broth. & \\
Selective & Favour the growth of particular organisms. & Isolate. \\
Differential & & Contrast.\\
Nutrient agar & & \\
MacConkey agar & The selective components in MAC are bile salts and crystal violet, which inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Presence of lactose and neutral red (a pH indicator) will confirm a gram-negative bacteria that uses lactose as a carbon and energy source. Release of acidic products changes colony colour to red. & Used as a form of selective and differential media to contrast types of gram-negative bacteria that use lactose vs. those that don't.\\
Blood agar & & \\
Mannitol salt agar & 7.5\% NaCl + mannitol (C and energy source) + phenol red (pH indicator). Release of acidic products changes medium colour: red $\rightarrow$ yellow. & Selects for growth of Staphylococci. \\
MRS medium & & \\
\bottomrule
\end
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\section{Koch's Postulates}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Observation: Pathogenic micro-organism must be present in all diseased organisms and absent from all healthy organisms.
\item Pathogenic organisms must be cultured and isolated.
\item Inoculation of pathogen into healthy organisms induces disease.
\item Pathogen must be isolated from the same organism in 3.
\end{enumerate}
Limitations:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Some micro-organisms are unculturables; we don't know how to yet.
\item Koch's postulates would not hold true for organisms which cannot be grown in culture; or for those which are too dangerous to ethically administer to humans and can't be given to an analogue.
\item The disease could be opportunistic/dormant and not present itself until the right environmental conditions are present.
\end{enumerate}
Alternative interpretations:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Genetic verification and removal reintroduction of key genes can substitute for postulates.
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
