General ⇒ Problem with space in two columm

[cnf1012]

Hi ! i have a problem when i am programming a document with two columns. When I am compiling my document, I have some sort of big space in the beginning of my document. How can I fix this problem? In the attached image you can se what I mean by this. I hope you can help me by submitting some commands or something like that.

[Johannes_B]

Welcome,

a minimal working example would be needed in order to investigate what is going on. A screenshot alone isn't that helpful.

[Stefan Kottwitz]

Welcome to the forum!

Screenshots are great! It's a convenient way to look at problems and to understand an issue with the output. As Johannes said, we would need to see the code in addition, to tell you the cause in the input code. Optimally it would be reduced to a minimal working example. Otherwise, it's guessing.

I see some things in the output, which could be improved. You wrote units correctly in upright shape, but not always, such as with the acceleration. I recommend to use the siunitx package for consistent appearance of units.

Here's an example, showing how you can use it:

Code: Select all

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\SI{9.81}{\meter\per\square\second}% long readable syntax

\sisetup{per-mode=fraction}
\SI{9.81}{\meter\per\square\second}

\sisetup{per-mode=symbol}
\SI{9.81}{m/s^2}% shorter syntax example

$\pm\text{error}[\si{\newton}]$ or written shorter: [\si{N}]
\end{document}

units.png (6.56 KiB) Viewed 6912 times

You only need a single \sisetup command in the preamble, I just used it in the document to switch to another design for illustration.

Stefan

[cnf1012]

Hi ! thanks guys, this is the code:

Code: Select all

\documentclass[11pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[top=2.0cm, bottom=3cm, left=2.0cm, right=2.0cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[spanish]{varioref}
\usepackage[activeacute, spanish, es-tabla]{babel}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
\usepackage{flushend}%Iguala la altura de las dos columnas de la última pagina
\pagestyle{fancy} 
\pagenumbering{arabic} 
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} 
\setlength{\headsep}{20pt} 
\setlength{\headheight}{65pt} 
\setlength{\textheight}{600pt} 
\setlength{\columnsep}{15pt} 
\newcommand{\universidad}{\small{Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María}}
\newcommand{\campus}{\small{Campus Santiago San Joaquín}}
\newcommand{\lab}{\small{Laboratorio de FIS110}}
\newcommand{\semestre}{\small{Segundo Semestre 2015}}
\newcommand{\titulo}{Segunda Ley de Newton \\ Adjuntar grafico de velocidad}
\newcommand{\integrantes}{\begin{tabular}{c}
Pascale Rivera Espinoza	201573568-9 pascale.rivera@sansano.usm.cl\\
Camilo Nuñez Fernandez 	201573573-5 camilo.nunezf@sansano.usm.cl\\
Grupo 158-A
\end{tabular}}
\graphicspath{{/img}}

\renewcommand{\maketitle}
{
\thispagestyle{fancy}
\begin{center}
\begin{Large}
\textbf{\titulo}\\
\end{Large}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\integrantes
\end{center}
\vspace{0.3cm}
}
\fancyhead[R]{\begin{minipage}[b]{0.405\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\universidad \\ 
\campus \\ 
\lab \\ 
\semestre
\end{center}
\end{minipage}}
\fancyhead[L]{\vspace{15pt}\includegraphics[height=1.6cm]{./img/Escudo.png}}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\flushbottom
\begin{multicols}{2} 

%------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Resultados}


\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$m_{2}$[kg]  &  ($m_{1} + m_{2}$)[kg] & a$[\frac{m}{s^{2}}]$ &($m_{1} + m_{2}$)a[N] \\
\hline
0.050 & 0.5627 & 0.8738 & 0.4917 \\
\hline
0.055 & 0.5677 & 0.9552 & 0.5423 \\
\hline
0.060 & 0.5727 & 1.037 & 0.5939 \\
\hline
0.065 & 0.5777 & 1.086 & 0.6274 \\
\hline
0.070 & 0.5827 & 1.190 & 0.6934 \\
\hline
0.075 & 0.5877 & 1.264 & 0.7429 \\
\hline
0.080 & 0.5927 & 1.330 & 0.7883 \\
\hline
0.085 & 0.5977 & 1.421 & 0.8493 \\
\hline
0.090 & 0.6027 & 1.539 & 0.9276 \\
\hline
0.095 & 0.6077 & 1.562 & 0.9492 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{ La masa del  porta pesas ($m_{2}$) partía con una masa inicial de 0.050 [kg], luego era aumentada en 0.05 [kg]. La masa del carrito ($m_{1}$)  contiene un error digital a diferencia de la ($m_{2}$) que solo posee un error teórico.}
\end{table}


\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ 
xlabel={$m_{2}  \pm 1 [kg]$},
ylabel={$(m_{1} + m_{2})a \pm error[N] $},
grid=major,
%xmax=1,
ymin=0.5, ymax=0.95, %rango de las y
small,
domain=0.05 : 0.1, %posición de las x
] 
\addplot[green,thick,-stealth] {(10.454*x) -(0.0373) };

\addplot [only marks,mark=o] table {
0,4917 0.050
};

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{La gráfica contiene a la curva de la función $\ref{FMF}$ del anexo. Para $m_{2}$, se utilizo una escala de $10^{-2}$ de modo que, tanto el error como las mediciones están dentro de esta escala. }
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ 
ylabel={$ Aceleración   [\frac{m}{s^{2}}] $},
xlabel={$ Tiempo [s] $},
grid=major,
%xmax=1,
ymin=0, ymax=15, %rango de las y
small,
domain=0 : 1, %posición de las x
] 
\addplot[green,thick,-stealth] {10.454 };

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{El gráfico corresponde función obtenida de variación de fuerza del Gráfico 1 con respecto al tiempo, donde la constate es la aceleración del sistema. }
\end{figure}
%------------------------------------------------------------------

%------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Análisis y discusión}

%------------------------------------------------------------------

%------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Conclusiones}
\subsection{Conclusiones primarias}


\subsection{Conclusiones secundarias}


\subsection{Conclusión de errores}


\newpage

%------------------------------------------------------------------


%------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Apéndice}

\subsection{Funciones}

\subsubsection{Función Masa $v/s$ Fuerza}
\begin{equation}
 F(m) =  10.454m -(0.0373) \label{FMF}
\end{equation}\\
$F(m):$ Fuerza del resultante del sistema.\\
$m:$ Masa del Porta Pesas.\\

\subsubsection{Función Fuerza con respecto a las masas por aceleración.}
\begin{equation}
 F(m_{2}) =  (m_{1}+m_{2})\vec{a} \label{FFMA}
\end{equation}\\
$F(m_{2}):$ Fuerza del resultante del sistema.\\
$m_{1}:$ Masa constante del carrito.\\
$m_{2}:$ Masa del Porta Pesas.\\
$\vec{a}:$ Aceleración. \\

\subsection{Errores}

\subsubsection{Error de propagación de F(m)}
\begin{tiny}
\begin{equation}
 \Delta F= \sqrt{ (\frac{\partial F}{\partial m_{1}})^{2} (\Delta m_{1})^{2} + (\frac{\partial F}{\partial m_{2}})^{2} (\Delta m_{2})^{2} + (\frac{\partial F}{\partial \vec{a}})^{2} (\Delta \vec{a})^{2}} \label{EPF}
\end{equation}
\end{tiny}\\

$\Delta F:$ Error de propagación de la fuerza\\

$(\frac{\partial F}{\partial m_{1}}) :$ Derivada parcial de la fuerza con respecto a la $ m_{1}$.\\

$(\Delta m_{1}) :$ Error de la medición de la masa $m_{1}$. \\

$(\frac{\partial F}{\partial m_{2}}) :$ Derivada parcial de la fuerza con respecto a la $ m_{2}$.\\

$(\Delta m_{2}) :$ Error de la medición de la masa $m_{2}$.\\

$(\frac{\partial F}{\partial a}) :$ Derivada parcial de la fuerza con respecto a $\vec{a}$ \\

$(\Delta a) :$ Error de la medición de la $\vec{a}$.\\

\subsubsection{Tabla de  errores de fuerza}
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
$\Delta \vec{a} [\frac{m}{s^{2}}]$ & $\Delta F(m) [N]$ \\
\hline
0.005655 & 0.003301 \\
\hline
0.01388 & 0.007880 \\
\hline
0.04165 & 0.02385 \\
\hline
0.02075 & 0.01199 \\
\hline
0.01619 & 0.009434\\
\hline
0.01823 & 0.01071 \\
\hline
0.01565 & 0.009276 \\
\hline
0.01609 & 0.00962 \\
\hline
0.02016 & 0.01215 \\
\hline
0.03338 & 0.02029 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{ La tabla corresponde a los errores asociados a cada medición de fuerza del Gráfico 1. Fue sacado con la formula adjunta.}
\end{table}

Para el desarrollo de la formula $\ref{EPF}$, se utilizan los datos Tabla 1, y 
la derivación implícita de la formula $\ref{FFMA}$:
\begin{tiny}
\begin{center}
$\Delta F= \sqrt{ (\vec{a})^{2} (\Delta m_{1})^{2} + (\vec{a})^{2} (\Delta m_{2})^{2} + (m_{1}+m_{2})^{2} (\Delta \vec{a})^{2}}$
\end{center}
\end{tiny}

Donde $\Delta m_{1}$ corresponde al error de la masa del carrito $(\pm 0.0001 
[kg])$, $\Delta m_{2}$ es el error del Porta Masitas $(\pm 0.001 
[kg])$, $\Delta \vec{a}$ es el erro de la Tabla 2, y $\vec{a}$ corresponde a la 
aceleración de casa medición.


%------------------------------------------------------------------


%------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{thebibliography}{2}
\bibitem{anexB} Análisis y Teoría del Error Experimental: Anexo B y Anexo C.  
\bibitem{exp3} Exp.5 - Segunda Ley de Newton.
\bibitem{videoCom} Uso del Programa Logger Pro 3 para LabQuest Mini y sensores. 
\end{thebibliography}
%------------------------------------------------------------------

\end{multicols}

\end{document}

(All rights reserved to me and the USM University)

[rais]

well, section heading plus the first table plus the first figure would be too high to fit into the first column.
You could try \enlargethispage{\baselineskip} somewhere on the first page.

BTW: \tiny and all the other size switches aren't defined as environments, just as commands.
ae and aecompl packages are superseded by fontenc package with T1 option, which you also load.
And all those \\ in the text seem more than a little strange ... Let's just say that the only use I have for \\ is inside {tabular}, {align}, and similar environments.

KR
Rainer

[Johannes_B]

You should not use the multicol package to get a twocolumn document, use the global option twocolumn to achieve that. You can typeset the titlepage standalone and include it using pdfpages.
Drawback of your method: No (no) floating is allowed, that's why you always used the Hammer method. LaTeX is struggling to get things right, and the only way to achieve that is the ugly output you get.