\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcounter{Cequ}
\newcounter{Caux}
\newenvironment{CEquation}
{\stepcounter{Cequ}
\addtocounter{equation}{-1}
\renewcommand\theequation{C\arabic{Cequ}}\equation}
{\endequation}
\newenvironment{CAlign}
{\setcounter{Caux}{\theequation}
\setcounter{equation}{\theCequ}
\renewcommand\theequation{C\arabic{equation}}
\align}
{\endalign\setcounter{Cequ}{\value{equation}}\setcounter{equation}{\theCaux}}
\begin{document}
\begin{CEquation}\label{equ:1}
a = b.
\end{CEquation}
\begin{equation}
c=d.
\end{equation}
\begin{CEquation}\label{equ:2}
e = f.
\end{CEquation}
\begin{CAlign}
e &= f \label{equ:4} \\
&= g \label{equ:5}.
\end{CAlign}
\begin{equation}
c=d.
\end{equation}