You had just one alignment character (ampersand, "&") too much in the second row.
Code: Select all
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf,tableposition=top]{caption}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[!ht]
\caption{A Repeated Vector}\label{tab:RepVec}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{*{15}{c}}\toprule
\multicolumn{10}{c}{Outputs} & $a_0$ & $a_1$ & $a_2$ & $a_3$ & Time \\ \midrule
& & & & & & & & & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & $t_0$ \\
& & & & & & & & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & $t_1$ \\
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & \vdots \\
1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & $t_{10}$ \\
$a_0$ & $a_1$ & $a_2$ & $a_3$ & $a_4$ & $a_5$ & $a_6$ & $a_0$ & $a_1$ & $a_2$ & $a_3$ & $a_4$ & $a_5$ & $a_6$ & \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
There can't be no more than
n-1 ampersands in one row (with
n as the number of columns).
Best regards and welcome to the board
Thorsten¹