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\documentclass[12pt, addpoints, answers, fleqn]{exam}
\usepackage{graphicx, type1cm, eso-pic, color}
\RequirePackage[colorlinks, hyperindex, plainpages=false]{hyperref}
\usepackage{cancel}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{censor}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usepackage[T5,TS1,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\DeclareTextAccentDefault{\h}{T5}
\DeclareTextComposite{\h}{T5}{i}{191}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EC9}{\h\i}
\usepackage{mathpazo}
\usepackage{cmbright}
\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{multido}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\makeatother
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{polynom}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\shadedsolutions
\definecolor{SolutionColor}{rgb}{0.8,0.9,1.0}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\DeclareMathOperator\cis{cis}
\makeindex[title=Bannon/Wells' Alphabetical Index, intoc, columns=2]
\usepackage[all]{background}
\SetBgContents{Copyright \copyright \the\year{} Ron Bannon and other Contributors. All rights reserved. For use by Prison Mathematics Project participants only.}% Set contents
\SetBgPosition{current page.west}% Select location
\SetBgVshift{-1.0cm}% Add vertical shift (results in a shift in x direction due to rotation)
\SetBgOpacity{1.0}% Select opacity
\SetBgAngle{90.0}% Select rotation of logo
\SetBgScale{0.95}% Select scale factor of logo
%\newcommand*\Heq{\ensuremath{\overset{\kern2pt H}{=}}}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\rom}[1]{\expandafter\@slowromancap\romannumeral #1@}
\newcommand{\uvec}[1]{\boldsymbol{\hat{\textbf{#1}}}}
\makeatother
%---
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
%-----------------------------------------------
% environment for drawing sticks
% an option of the form scale=VALUE can be given
%------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{sticks}[1][scale=.6]
{\begin{tikzpicture}[#1]\def\W{0}\def\WS{0}}
{\end{tikzpicture}}
%------------------------------------------------------------
% \stickME draws an empty multiplication stick
%------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickME}{%
\begin{scope}[xshift=\W cm]
\pgfmathparse{\W+2}
\global\let\W\pgfmathresult
\draw [black,rounded corners] (2,0) -- (2,24) -- (0,24) -- (0,0);
\draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
\foreach \x in {.5,1,...,22} {
\draw (1.5,\x) -- (2,\x);
}
\draw (1.5,0) -- (1.5,22);
\foreach \x in {4.5,8.5,12,15,17.5,19.5,21,22} {
\draw (0,\x) -- (2,\x);
}
\end{scope}
}
%--------------------------------------------------------
% \stickDE draws an empty division stick
%--------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickDE}{%
\begin{scope}[xshift=\W cm]
\pgfmathparse{\W+2}
\global\let\W\pgfmathresult
\draw [black,rounded corners] (2,0) -- (2,24) -- (0,24) -- (0,0);
\draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
\foreach \x in {.5,1,...,22} {
\draw (0,\x) -- (.5,\x);
}
\draw (.5,0) -- (.5,22);
\foreach \x in {4.5,8.5,12,15,17.5,19.5,21,22} {
\draw (0,\x) -- (2,\x);
}
\end{scope}
}
%-------------------------------------------------------------
% \drawX draws the special X stick
%-------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickX}{%
\stickME
\begin{scope}[xshift=\WS cm]
\pgfmathparse{\WS+2}
\global\let\WS\pgfmathresult
\node at (1,23) {$\times$};
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{21.5}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\foreach \x in {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} {
\node at (.75,\w) {\x};
\pgfmathparse{\w-.75-.5*(\x-1)}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{\x-1}
\foreach \y in {0,...,\pgfmathresult} {
\node[scale=.5] at (1.75,\z){\y};
\pgfmathparse{-0.5+\z}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
}
}
\end{scope}
}
%-----------------------------------------------
% \stickR draws the special R stick
%-----------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickR}{%
\stickDE
\begin{scope}[xshift=\WS cm]
\pgfmathparse{\WS+2}
\global\let\WS\pgfmathresult
\node at (1,23) {Rem};
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{21.5}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\foreach \x in {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} {
\node at (1.25,\w) {\x};
\pgfmathparse{\w-.75-.5*(\x-1)}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{\x-1}
\foreach \y in {0,...,\pgfmathresult} {
\node[scale=.5] at (.25,\z){\y};
\pgfmathparse{-0.5+\z}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
}
}
\end{scope}
}
%------------------------------------------------------------------
% \stickM draws the stick of a multiplication table
% #1 is the number of the table: value between 0 and 9
% #2 is the color of the triangles
%------------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickM}[2]{%
\stickME
\begin{scope}[xshift=\WS cm]
\pgfmathparse{\WS+2}
\global\let\WS\pgfmathresult
\node at (1,23) {#1};
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\foreach \x in {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} {
\pgfmathparse{\x-1}
\foreach \y in {0,...,\pgfmathresult} {
\pgfmathmod{#1*\x+\y}{10}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\u\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\d{(#1*\x+\y)/10}
\node[scale=.5] at (1.75,\z){\u};
\pgfmathparse{\z+.25}
\let\a\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{\w-.5*\d}
\let\b\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{\z-.25}
\let\c\pgfmathresult
\draw[color=#2, fill=#2, thin] (0,\b) -- (1.5,\a) -- (1.5,\c) -- (0,\b);
\pgfmathparse{-0.5+\z}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
}
\pgfmathparse{\w-\x*.5}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
}
\end{scope}
}
%------------------------------------------------------------
% \stickD draws the stick of a division table
% #1 is the number of the table: value between 0 and 9
% #2 is the color of the lines
%------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\stickD}[2]{%
\stickDE
\begin{scope}[xshift=\WS cm]
\pgfmathparse{\WS+2}
\global\let\WS\pgfmathresult
\node at (1,23) {#1};
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{21.75}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
\foreach \x in {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} {
\pgfmathparse{\x-1}
\foreach \y in {0,...,\pgfmathresult} {
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\q{(#1+10*\y)/\x}
\node[scale=.5] at (.25,\z){\q};
\pgfmathmod{#1+10*\y}{\x}
\pgfmathparse{\w-.5*\pgfmathresult}
\let\r\pgfmathresult
\draw[color=#2] (.5,\z) -- (2,\r);
\pgfmathparse{-0.5+\z}
\global\let\z\pgfmathresult
}
\pgfmathparse{\w-\x*.5}
\global\let\w\pgfmathresult
}
\end{scope}
}
%---
\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\renewcommand*{\Rnfont}{\scshape}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
\cftsetindents{section}{0.5in}{0.5in}
\cftsetindents{subsection}{0.7in}{0.7in}
\cftsetindents{subsubsection}{0.9in}{0.9in}
\cftsetindents{paragraph}{1in}{1in}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\newcommand\Myperm[2][^n]{\prescript{#1\mkern-2.5mu}{}P_{#2}}
\newcommand\Mycomb[2][^n]{\prescript{#1\mkern-0.5mu}{}C_{#2}}
\begin{document}
``\emph{Young man, in mathematics you don't understand things. You just get used to them.}''\footnote{John von Neumann's\index{von Neumann, John} reply to his colleague's question about the mathematics of a very complex problem}
\begin{center}
% starting sticks environment
\begin{sticks}
% drawing the special X stick
\stickX
% drawing the muliplication tables sticks in red
\stickM{0}{blue}
\stickM{1}{red}
\stickM{2}{green}
\stickM{3}{red}
\stickM{4}{blue}
\stickM{5}{red}
\stickM{6}{green}
\stickM{7}{red}
\stickM{8}{blue}
\stickM{9}{red}
\end{sticks}
\label{fig:rulermulti}
% starting sticks environment
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5in}
A special thanks to Arnaud Lefebvre \index{Lefebvre, Arnaud} (IREM Rouen) for providing the code for the Genaille–Lucas rulers\index{Genaille–Lucas rulers}\footnote{Genaille–Lucas rulers are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille\index{Genaille, Henri}, a French railway engineer, in 1891. The device is a variant of Napier's bones\index{Napier's bones}. By representing the carry graphically, the user can read off the results of simple multiplication problems directly, with no intermediate mental calculations.} at the front (multiplication---page \pageref{fig:rulermulti}) and back (division---page \pageref{fig:rulerdivis}) of this document.
\textcolor{red}{This document was last updated on \today.}
\vfill
\pagebreak
\runningheadrule
\header{\scriptsize{\censor{Essex County College}---\censor{METCS}\\\censor{Newark, New Jersey 07104}}}{\textbf{Webster Wells, S.B.\\ \scriptsize{Advanced \censor{Course in} Algebra, Circa 1904}}}{\scriptsize{Ron Bannon's\\Draft Version}} % WAS ASKED TO REMOVE "Course in" FROM DOCUMENT BY JACK SMITH
%\header{\scriptsize{Pre-Calculus II \\MTH 120}}{\textbf{Essex County College---METCS\\ \scriptsize{Division of Mathematics, Engineering Technologies
%\& Computer Sciences} }}{\scriptsize{Ron Bannon's\\Course Notes}}
\firstpagefooter{\scriptsize{Typeset in \LaTeXe{} by \censor{\url{b@nnon.us}}}.}{}{\scriptsize{Last updated on \today}.}
\runningfootrule
\runningfooter{}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}{}
\tableofcontents
\vfill
\pagebreak
\vfill
\pagebreak
\begin{center}{\textbf{END OF DOCUMENT!}}\end{center}
\begin{quote}
``Every trail has its end, and every calamity brings its lesson!''
\begin{flushright}
---James Fenimore Cooper\index{Cooper, James Fenimore}
\end{flushright}
\end{quote}
\begin{center}
If you began at the beginning and ended at the ending, then I must congratulate you!
Congratulations on making it here.
If you made it here, you can make it anywhere.
I am, indeed, impressed.
\end{center}
{\flushright ---Ron Bannon}
\vfill
\pagebreak
\onecolumn
\indexprologue{Wells' textbook had no indices, so this is a rough attempt to create an index that may help accessing this lengthly textbook a bit more manageable. Furthermore, it is an index that also includes keywords that are not contained in Wells' original text. However, it is perhaps much easier to just digitally search this pdf document for keywords.}
\printindex
\vfill
\pagebreak
{\begin{center}{\textbf{THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.}}\footnote{I want the total page count to be a prime number! And that's why you're seeing this page.}\end{center}}
2371, 2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437, 2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539, 2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609, 2617, 2621, 2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689, 2693, 2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749, 2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833, 2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903, 2909, 2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999.
I vow never to exceed 2999 pages!\footnote{I vow I don't want to live more than 80 years! However, ask me about this vow on the day before my 80th birthday.}
\vfill
\pagebreak
\begin{center}
\begin{sticks}
% drawing the division tables sticks in red
\stickD{0}{blue}
\stickD{1}{red}
\stickD{2}{green}
\stickD{3}{red}
\stickD{4}{blue}
\stickD{5}{red}
\stickD{6}{green}
\stickD{7}{red}
\stickD{8}{blue}
\stickD{9}{red}
% drawing the special R stick
\stickR
\end{sticks}
\label{fig:rulerdivis}
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5in}
A special thanks to Arnaud Lefebvre (IREM Rouen) for providing the code for the Genaille–Lucas rulers\footnote{Genaille–Lucas rulers are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille, a French railway engineer, in 1891. The device is a variant of Napier's bones. By representing the carry graphically, the user can read off the results of simple multiplication problems directly, with no intermediate mental calculations.} at the front (multiplication---page \pageref{fig:rulermulti}) and back (division---page \pageref{fig:rulerdivis}) of this document.
\textcolor{red}{This document was last updated on \today.}
\end{document}