\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{soul}
% this is the default for textsterling and it works
\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\textsterling}{\UseTextSymbol{TS1}{\textsterling}}
\DeclareTextSymbol\textsterling{TS1}{163}
% this one fails also fails if I point to OT1
% the moment microtype is added
\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\textsterling}{\UseTextSymbol{T1}{\textsterling}}
\DeclareTextSymbol\textsterling{T1}{191}
\begin{document}
\pounds
\hl{a b \pounds{} c}
\end{document}
to pdflatex. The error message you get is "! Package soul Error: Reconstruction failed."