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\documentclass[10pt]{beamer} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{lmodern} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{graphicx} \usetheme{metropolis} \useoutertheme[left]{sidebar} \usepackage{appendixnumberbeamer} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage[scale=2]{ccicons} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepackage{xspace} \usepackage{tcolorbox} \usepackage{ragged2e} \usepackage{multicol} \begin{document} \title{Do ICTs matter for Italy?} \vspace{3.5cm} \date{June 21, 2018} \author{Daniela Cialfi\textsuperscript{1} \hspace{0.5pt} Emiliano Colantonio \textsuperscript{1} } \vspace{3.5cm} %\subject{Name of the Conference} \institute{\textsuperscript{1} \hspace{0.2pt}Department of Philosophical, Pedagogical and Economic-Quantitative Sciences \\ University of Studies G.D'Annunzio \\ Pescara,Italy} \titlegraphic{\hfill\includegraphics[height=1.0cm]{logo_conference.png}} \setbeamercovered{transparent} \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbol}{} \begin{frame}[plain] \maketitle \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered] \tableofcontents[hideallsubsections] \end{frame} \section{The potential relationship between ICT and social capital} \setbeamertemplate{frametitle}[default][center] \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \frametitle[alignment=center]{Literature review } \color{orange} \textbf{Social capital} \justifying \vspace{0.1cm} \\ \color{black} \textit{the nature and quality of social ties that individuals or communities can mobilise in conducting their affairs} \vspace{0.2cm} \begin{itemize} \item \justifying a wide variety of connections and networks that people maintain with family, friends, neighbours, colleagues \item \justifying the strength of social norms that can underpin these ties \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \frametitle[alignment=center]{Literature review } \color{orange} \textbf{Social capital} \justifying \vspace{0.1cm} \\ \color{black} \textit{the nature and quality of social ties that individuals or communities can mobilise in conducting their affairs} \vspace{0.2cm} \begin{itemize} \item \justifying a wide variety of connections and networks that people maintain with family, friends, neighbours, colleagues \item \justifying the strength of social norms that can underpin these ties \end{itemize} \vspace{0.3cm} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{\textwidth} \centering \textbf{\textit{In which way do ICTs interact with social capital?}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] Recent empirical evidence \footnote{Benkler (2006). } have found that: \begin{itemize} \item ICTs could enable individuals to thicken existing ties and generate new ones; \item ICT come in handling to develop more new ties to like-minded people for a variety of purposes\footnote{Rainie, L., Horrigan, John B., Wellman, B., and Boase, J.(2006)}. \end{itemize} \vspace{0.3cm} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{\textwidth} \centering \textbf{\textit{Existence of a positive relationship the two concepts}} \end{column} \end{columns} ICTs are helping to expand, transform and diversify social capital \begin{enumerate} \item Tools for communication and collaborative information sharing \item Creating meeting spaces where like-minded people can gather and socialise \end{enumerate} \end{frame} \section{Empirical evidence from Italy} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \color{orange} \textbf{Aim} \\ \color{black}Present consistent evidence on the geography of the relationship between ICT and social capital in Italy \space \color{orange} \textbf{Methodology} \\ \color{black} Non linear cluster analysis \space \color{orange} \textbf{Period of analysis} \\ \color{black} 2006-2013 \space \color{orange} \textbf{Context} \\ \color{black} Italian regions \end{frame} \subsection{Selection and creation of the database} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database} %\begin{table}[ht] \centering %\subfloat[Decay Channels]{ %\rule{4cm}{3cm} %\newcommand{\minitab}[2][l]{\begin{tabular}{#1}#2\end{tabular}} %\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Function & Indicator \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Jet} &${\bf p}_T >$ 25 GeV \\ &$|\eta| < $ 2.5 \\ &$\Delta R(j,l) >$ 0.2 \\ &$\Delta \phi(j,{\bf p}_T^{miss}) >$ 0.6 \\ \hline 3 Leading jets & ${\bf p}_T >$ 40 GeV \\ \hline b-tagging & $\ge$ 2 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lepton} & ${\bf p}_T >$ 20 GeV \\ & $|\eta| <$ 2.5 \\ & $\Delta R(l,j) >$ 0.4 \\ \hline {${\bf p}_T^{miss}$} & $\Delta \phi({\bf p}_T^{miss},j) >$ 0.8 \\ \hline & {\bf Advanced cuts} \\ \hline $E_T^{miss}$ & $>$ 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 (GeV)\\ \hline $H_T$ & $>$ 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 (GeV)\\ \hline $m_T$ & $>$ 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 (GeV)\\ \hline $N_j$ & $\ge$ 4, 5, 6 \\ \hline $N_{bj}$ & $\ge$ 2, 3, 4 \\ \hline \end{tabular} % \caption{Summary of event selection cuts} % \end{table} %\begin{columns} % \begin{column}{.9 \textwidth} % \centering % \small \textbf{Tab.1}:List of performance indicators % \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{database_table_trasparence.png}\\ % {{ \footnotesize \emph{Source: Authors’ representation of the database used}\par }} % \end{column} %\end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.9 \textwidth} \centering \small \textbf{Tab.1}:List of performance indicators \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{database_table_trasparence.png} \end{column} \end{columns} \space \color{orange} \textbf{Period of analysis} \\ \color{black} 2006-2013 \space \color{orange} \textbf{Data source} \\ \color{black} Rapporto Noi Italia 2016 \footnote{\hspace{0.1cm}Developed by ISTAT}, empirical studies \footnote{\hspace{0.1cm} See Andriani, L., Karyampas (2009); Degli Antoni, G.(2006); Putnam, R.D (2000) } \space \color{orange} \textbf{Methodology} \\ \color{black} Non linear cluster analysis - Self Organizing Map \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.9 \textwidth} \centering \small \textbf{Tab.1}:List of performance indicators \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{database_table_trasparence.png} \end{column} \end{columns} \color{orange} \textbf{Period of analysis}: \color{black} 2006-2013 \begin{itemize} \item Data availability by Italian regions \item Evaluate the evolution of the dataset from a pre-crisis to a post-crisis scenario. \end{itemize} \space \color{orange} \textbf{Data source} \\ \color{black} Rapporto Noi Italia 2016, empirical studies \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.8 \textwidth} \centering \small \textbf{Tab.1}:List of performance indicators \includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{database_table_trasparence.png} \end{column} \end{columns} \color{orange} \textbf{Period of analysis} \\ \color{black} 2006-2013 \space \color{orange} \textbf{Data source}: \color{black} Rapporto Noi Italia 2016, empirical studies \begin{itemize} \item Distinguish among the different conceptualisations of social capital \item Division into three macro-categories linked to the Italian experience \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Social capital variables} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database\\ \textit{-Social Capital-}} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{social_capital.jpg} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{0.5cm} Variables related to the associative world \begin{itemize} \item Associational activities are an essential framework where social capital could occur and grow [Putnam,2000] \begin{enumerate} \item Information and trust are 'intangible' resources \item Help to achieve economic and social outcomes and intangible ones \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{ICT variables} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database\\ \textit{-ICT use-}} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{ICT_database.jpg} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{0.5cm} The development of social capital within communities may depend on several elements \footnote{\hspace{0.1cm} See Ahmed, Z., Alzahrani (2017); Gaved, M., Anderson, B.(2006)} \begin{itemize} \item Availability of broadband \item Effective use of broadband connectivity \end{itemize} Determination of the quality and frequency of interactions \begin{itemize} \item Previous elements \item Issues linked to online trust and confidence \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Economic variables} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Selection and creation of the database\\ \textit{-Economy-}} \textit{DA RIVEDERE BENE} %\begin{columns} % \begin{column}{\textwidth} %\centering % \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{social_capital_trasparence.png} % \end{column} % \end{columns} We have used this kind of variables \begin{itemize} \item how networks and social interactions are translated into an economic asset \item Social capital is trasformed from a private good into public one \item Collective and cumulative economic benefits \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Patterns and dynamics of Italian regions from 2006 to 2013} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Patterns and dynamics of Italian regions %\messe "giuste" \\from 2006 to 2013} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.5\textwidth} \centering %\begin{tcolorbox}[beamer,width=0.8\textheight,arc=0pt,boxsep=0pt, left=0pt,right=0pt,top=0pt,bottom=0pt] \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{2006.png} %\end{tcolorbox} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{2013.png} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.4\textwidth} %\ 2006_um_trasparente \centering \includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{2006_um_bw_trasparenza.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{.2\textwidth} %\ arrow \centering \includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{arrow.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{.4\textwidth} %\ 2013_um_trasparente \centering \includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{2013_um_bw_trasparenza.png} \end{column} \end{columns} Mass of Italian regions that in 2006 were located in the centre moves \centering down to the bottom of the SOM \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] %\ 2013_um_bw \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{2013_bw_trasparenza.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth} \centering \begin{itemize} \item Isolation of the Southern Italian \\regions \begin{enumerate} \item The South and the Northern \\ regions remain at the upper \\ and bottom parts of the map \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] %\ 2013_um_c \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{2013_um_color.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth} \centering \begin{itemize} \item Isolation of the Southern Italian \\ regions \begin{enumerate} \item The South and the Northern \\ regions remain at the upper and bottom parts of the map \item Creation of a gap between \\ the South and the Northern \\ regions \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] %\ 2013_um_bw \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{2013_um_shadow.jpg} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth} \centering \begin{itemize} \item Isolation of the Southern Italian \\regions \begin{enumerate} \item The South and the Northern \\ regions remain at the upper and \\ bottom parts of the map \item Creation of a gap between the \\ South and the Northern regions \item The central regions are closer to \\ Northern regions \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{2006 ...} %\parte dello studio della fm ICT-SC 2006 and 2013 (pp.6-7) \centering \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{2006_fm_final_scale_1.png} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{2006 ...} %\parte dello studio della fm ICT-SC 2006 and 2013 (pp.6-7) \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.6\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{2006_fm_final_scale_1.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{.5\textwidth} \begin{itemize} \item Northern Italian regions excel \\ in all considered variables \begin{enumerate} \item Social participation activities \item Total RD Expenditure \\and ST Graduates \end{enumerate} \item Southern Italian regions show \\low values in all considered variables \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{... 2013} %\parte dello studio della fm ICT-SC 2006 and 2013 (pp.6-7) \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.6\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{2013_fm_final_scale.png} \end{column} \begin{column}{.5\textwidth} \begin{itemize} \item Central and Northern Italian regions present high values in all the variables \begin{enumerate} \item ST Graduates \item Accessed the Internet \item Ordered/bought over the Internet \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \begin{itemize} \item Southern Italian regions show \\low values in all considered variables \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{Preliminary conclusions} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.8 \textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{prova_2_scale.png} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{0.3cm} ICT might not promote social capital formation \begin{itemize} \item Associational activities variables have shown a negative relationship with ICT \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \begin{itemize} \item All the opportunities for building and expanding social capital are currently benefiting (bold) only highly educated and professionally advanced people use ICT \begin{enumerate} \item To improve their skills \item To grow their networks for career advancement \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \section{Conclusions} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \begin{columns} \begin{column}{\textwidth} \centering \textbf{\emph{Could exist a positive relationship \\between ICT and social capital in Italy?}} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{0.7cm} \begin{itemize} \item Existence of a negative relationship between the two concepts \begin{enumerate} \item Not all social capital variables are positive \item The transformative impact of ICTs could be against a particular type of social capital \end{enumerate} \item Through the access and use of ICT communities could have more significant opportunities \begin{enumerate} \item For engaging with others \item For broadening their understandings \begin{itemize} \item building bonding \item bridging and linking social capital \end{itemize} \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain]{\textbf{\emph{.. and between social capital and economy? }}} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{.6 \textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{prova_2_scale.png} %sostituire con la figura giusta \end{column} \begin{column}{.6 \textwidth} Reflection of the existing dualism \\between the North and the South \begin{itemize} \item The poor economic performance \\ is likely related to limitation \\ of trust \end{itemize} \begin{itemize} \item Significant difference between \\the level of engagement in \\ Northern and Southern of \\Italy \end{itemize} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \section{Future research lines} \begin{frame}[noframenumbering, plain] \begin{itemize} \item Selection of other ICT-related variables more suitable with social capital \begin{enumerate} \item Number of tweets written in italian \item Facebook account opened in Italy \end{enumerate} \item Improve the time-series analysis for a long-term perspective \begin{enumerate} \item Use of larger time series \item Introduction of the average values across the Italian regions \end{enumerate} \item Set-up a cause-effect analysis between ICT and social capital variables \end{itemize} \end{frame} \end{document}