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I've found a way to do this without using the "ulem" package; use math mode, and "underline" some "text" in math mode.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{caption}[2007/09/01] % needs v3.1 or newer

%THE NEWLY REDONE TEXT FOLLOWS:
\DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{underlcap}{$\underline{\text{#1 #2 ...

I have the following minimal code:

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage{float}

\floatstyle{boxed}
\newfloat{ColumnFigure}{h}{cf1}
\floatname{ColumnFigure}{Figure}

\newenvironment{ColumnEnv}
{
\begin{ColumnFigure}
}
{
\caption{\textbf{Argument 1}}
\end{ColumnFigure}
}

\begin{document ...

I'm attempting to create custom float captions (for custom floats). Ordinarily, I might use a regular Figure to display a figure. In this case, the caption might display as:
Figure 1: A figure.

However, I want to underline the portion to the left of the colon. This would look like:

Figure 1 : A ...

I was wondering if someone could demonstrate the use of a float to display text. Maybe even include a border and caption for extra credit. I'd like it if everything is in the same file, which should hopefully make things easier.

For MAJOR EXTRA CREDIT, I'd like to see this used in conjunction with ...

Thanks! That solves my problems

I'd like to know how to set up custom counters. It seems that every counter I create has a section number attached. I'd like to be able to create a counter that doesn't have additional numbers attached.

I'd also like to know how to display counters by themselves. I've only been able to use them in ...

I've been trying to read up on this. However, I don't know how to use the equation environment in conjunction with another begin/end clause. My TeX editor keeps telling me there are like 8-10 errors when I try this. How would I get around this?

Thanks for your help. That's exactly what I wanted. However, I'd also like to put this into an equation, numbered for clarity. How would I do this?

I haven't found any documentation on brackets with equality.

I'm attempting to define a function (the Collatz conjecture - see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture)

I set up the equality

f(n) = {n/2 if n is even
{3n+1 if n is odd

I'd like to combine the brackets, just like in the ...