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What about \hfill\QEDendingNonProofSymbol at the end ?
Let me put it this way: if I calculated the width for the minipage right, \hfill or not shouldn't make a difference.
You could instead exchange the center with a flushright environment and omit the \hspace{\QEDSymbolSpace} before the minipage ...

I didn't understand the benefit of putting a `proof' symbol into an example environment; all that even for a Springer class, which I find highly unusual to be tinkered with.
Anyway, my idea would be to put everything but the qed symbol into a minipage , align it to the bottom, and put the qed symbol ...

(I suppose you meant dvipdf)

No, I meant dvips / ps2pdf to get---just in case---the postscript file, as well. But since your dvipdf
(and I suppose you meant dvipdfm or dvipdfmx) already worked, you don't need to go that way.

Does anybody know how to fix this?
I think it would be prudent to ...

Not necessarily. If you really need to run your code on different LaTeX-distro versions, you could try
\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{counterwithin}{\usepackage{chngcntr}}{}
\makeatother
that should load chngcntr only if \counterwithin isn't defined.

Or you could load amsmath and use its ...

This magic works for me on Ubuntu 18.10 and Ubuntu 19.04 installations, but not on Ubuntu 18.04.02 LTS, and not on Debian 9.9. Is it hyperref that has to be updated or should it be something else?
With TL18, chngcntr 's \counterwithin / \counterwithout commands (or some modified versions thereof ...

Hi,
did you try what happens when you run dvips on one of those garbled dvi's, followed by ps2pdf?
If the resulting pdf looks Ok, I'd say it's a problem of you dvi viewer.
IIRC, not all dvi viewer support all specials, to say the least. And you haven't even told us which program you use for viewing ...

try loading the section package after the titlesec package.

KR
Rainer

well, my first reaction was `why not let LaTeX do it automagically?'
The first thing this \ApplyGradient of yours should do: check, if parameter given is a decimal (or real) number. xstring 's \IfDecimal seemed perfect for the job. \textbf within it's argument threw me off course, though.
Ok, never ...

Hi,
you need to run pdflatex at least twice, before even thinking about deleting the toc file.

KR
Rainer

Well, you'll have to redefine the X column to be based on a m-column instead of a p-column, see \tabularxcolumn in tabularx ' documentation.
Then you have to take into account, that the number of lines is increased by the number of line breaks introduced by the contents of these X columns. As such ...