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There is an active \nonumber in the first line of the aligned environment. Delete this command to get an equation number.

Best regards
Elke

If you can't edit this strange novel.sty file directly then add the following lines in your document preamble before loading novel.sty.

\usepackage[automark,headsepline,footsepline=.25pt]{scrlayer-scrpage}
\PreventPackageFromLoading{fancyhdr}
\DeclarePageStyleAlias{fancy}{scrheadings}


If you ...

1) Use
\printglossary[title=Symbols]

instead of \printglossaries

2) Define the entries outside the document environment

%%--------Glossary entries----------
\newglossaryentry{sediflux}{type=main,name=\ensuremath{q_s},
description={Unspecified sedimentes flux per unit width ($m^2$ $s^{-1 ...

A simple example is
Best regards
Elke

Use an aligned environment inside equation :
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:longeq}
\begin{aligned}[b]% the number will be at b(ottom)
\frac{dW}{d\lambda} = \sigma_{1}-\sigma_{2}%\nonumber
=
nk\Theta\times\Biggl(&\frac{1}{2}\left(2 ...

You can use TikZ to define your own line:

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand\myline[1][]{%
\,\tikz[baseline]\draw[very thick,#1](0,-\dp\strutbox)--(0,\ht\strutbox);\,%
}
\begin{document}
Text\myline Text\myline[dashed]Text\myline[dotted]
\end{document}

myline.png
Best ...

Set the tree inside a tikzpicture. Then you can use the normal tikz syntax to draw the arrow:

\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{tikz-qtree}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\Tree [.S [.NP [.\node(subj){subj$_i$}; ] ]
[.VP [.V verb ] [.NP [.\node(t ...

Try
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt, fleqn]{amsbook}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{mdframed}
\newmdtheoremenv[
innertopmargin=0pt,
skipabove=\baselineskip,
aftersingleframe=\bigskip,afterlastframe=\bigskip
]{defn}{Definition}[chapter]

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]

\begin{defn}
\textbf{Prime ...

You can add circle nodes on the right side using a foreach loop:

\foreach \y in {0,3,6}
\foreach \i in {1,2,3}
\node[circle,fill,inner sep=0.5*\pgflinewidth,xshift=\i*0.5em] at (13,\y){};

circuitikz1.png

Code:
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{circuitikz}

\begin{document ...

There are four columns instead of three in the last two rows. And you have to use {\textbf{Siunitx3}}

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{rcS[table-number-alignment = center, table-figures-integer=5 ...