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The package nicematrix has tools designed to address that kind of problem.

More precisely, you may encounter two problems with colortbl :

Some rules seem to disappear. This is because many PDF viewers give priority to graphical element drawn posteriorly (which is in the spirit of the "painting ...

I suggest my package nicematrix , which, despite its name, is able to deal with tabulars. It loads the package array and can be used in conjunction with the package booktabs .

The main advantage of nicematrix is that it creates PGF/TikZ nodes under the cells, rows and columns. Several ...

For information, here is a way to create that table with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix. In this environment, the vertical rules are drawn even if the row is incomplete.


\documentclass[a4paper,14pt,oneside]{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin ...

That's a classic problem: \cline is overwritten by the colored panels of \rowcolor .

Here is a easy to construct your table with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix. You need several compilations (because nicematrix uses PGF/TikZ under the hood).


\documentclass[journal]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{nicematrix ...

Here is a solution with nicematrix and the first column left-aligned (by using the command \SubMatrix in the so-called \CodeAfter .



\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}

\[
\begin{NiceArray}{lccccccccc}[first-row]
& n + 1 & \cdots & n + m & 1 ...