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You can use \gdef to define a macro globally inside the environment. But note: In case of nested usage of the environment, the last \gdef will be the valid one independent of the nest level.

There are several so called blind text packages on CTAN.

For the origin of lorem ipsum and a possible English translations see also Wikipedia.

Have you seen, that there are error messages for your example?
The first one:

Runaway argument?
{ \begin {center}
! Paragraph ended before \@textcolor was complete.
<to be read again>
\par
l.20 ^^I^^I

?

is because you are using paragraphs like empty lines inside \textcolor . \textcolor ...

Please read an introduction to LaTeX.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\[
\mathcal{A} = (M,N,A,\pi_c,\pi_d,V_{\text{min}},V_{\text{max}},V_0)
\]

And because \verb|\max| and \verb|\min| are known operators, following does also work (but is not absolutely correct ...

\sloppy ends within the group in which it is used. So if you do use it inside \begin{document}…\end{document} but not inside an additional environment or group, it does not really end before termination of TeX, because document is an environment, that does not start and end a group.

If you want the table caption above the tabular you should move \caption above the tabular . And please note: The \label should always be behind the \caption , because usually the \caption increases the table counter and set it as new reference. So a \label before \caption usually references ...

Without a correct as code marked minimal working example I can only suggest to remove all the |\\ from your code.

Unfortunately this in not a , because essential files like citation2.bib are missing. The code is also not marked correctly as code. All other information I explicitly asked for is also still missing. I've now tried two times to get all relevant information. Sorry, but I unsubscribe this topic now ...

You've changed things relevant for fancyhdr inside a group (almost every environments are groups). All (or at least most) of these changes are local to the group. You've closed the group before ending the last page. So the changes are not longer valid, when the last page is output.

BTW: sloppypar ...

You question is completely unclear. You are asking for how to add tables to the list of tables and also tell us, that the table is in the list of tables. Can you please show a minimal working example? Currently I neither do known, what you are asking, nor how to help. We need much more information.