LaTeX.org

By default, the start of a chapter uses the plain page style, where the page number is at the bottom of the page.

If you want to change headers and footers, you may choose from several packages. Personally, i like to use scrlayer-scrpage.
Please have a look at the wikibook.

This is more of an Ubuntu question, rather than LaTeX.

I guess you will have more luck on askubuntu.com.
Please crosslink your questions.

But wouldn't the inner side of the book still be the inner side?

EDIT: Crosspost

But the default you see is the typographical standard and done in every book for decades.

Do you really want to change this?

Why do you want to stay with the old rout via dvi?

Directly producing a pdf file is the recommended way.

You can use the original in your preamble. \hypersetup{pdfpagemode={UseOutlines}, bookmarksopen=true, bookmarksopenlevel=0, hypertexnames=false, colorlinks=true,% Set to false to disable coloring links citecolor=magenta,% The color of citations linkcolor=red,% The color of references to document ele...

I do get an error because cleverref needs to be loaded after hyperref. Use the global option nohyperref and change the part befor \begin{document} to something like the following. \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{pdftitle=\ttitle} % Set the PDF's title to your title \hypersetup{pdfauthor=\autho...

Unfortunately, you did not post a minimal working example. I cannot test the code snippet you posted and cannot guess the reason, why the references don't work for you.
From the log file i can see, that at least one command (tabhead) is unknown. You should fix things like that.

Do not use \beq and \eeq.
Use the proper long form.

Aside from that, please provide a minimal working example.