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I have file test.text with the following contents.

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Small is beautiful.
\end{document}

When I run tex
#tex test.tex

This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.6)
(./test.tex
! Undefined control sequence.
l.1 \documentclass
{article}
?
! Undefined control ...